Does no debt = higher credit score?

Wednesday, March 12, 2014

I wasn’t planning on writing another blog post until next week, however, Shaina and myself were talking about how policies in the financial world today are set against those who are debt free. The specific topic being discussed was mortgage lenders and how they use the all powerful credit score to pretty much determine your future when it comes to buying a home. Bare with me, I just feel like ranting for a little bit.

After we pay off debt our next main goal is home ownership. In doing a little research on loan types, programs, down payment requirements, and so on, there’s one point that pretty much every lender takes into consideration, and that’s your credit score. In my opinion the credit score is one of the most backwards and flawed systems we have. Essentially your credit score is a numerical depiction of how you interact with debt. If there is a lot of interaction, meaning, that you a) have debt and b) make payments towards the debt, you will most likely have a higher score. Inversely, if there is no interaction, because you a) have no debt or b) you don’t make payments towards the debt, you will mostly likely have a lower credit score.

Now, does any of what I just said throw up a red flag? That’s right. If you have no debt, you will have a low credit score. Have no debt for long enough, and you will have no credit score at all. Obviously if you have debt and you stop making payments you’re probably deserving of the low score. But that’s not the part I have an issue with. Let me explain why I think this is a totally backwards system.

Mortgage lenders often use your credit score to assess risk. In other words they look at your score, see that you have interacted with, or made timely payments towards, some form of debt. They conclude that since history shows you made payments on other debts, the chances of you continuing to make payments are high, while the chance of you defaulting, or not making payments, on your home loan is considered low. Lenders will value that risk and will present you with an interest rate on your loan to compensate them for taking on whatever risk they feel you impose. The higher the risk, the higher the interest rate will be. For those who are declined, this usually this means that the lender has determined your risk to be too high. Now, there are obviously other factors that come into account such as debt to income ratios and so forth. However, credit scores are a major driver.

Let’s look now at someone who has no debt, but who also may have a very low or even now existent credit score. There are some lenders who are all "bad" and will look at this, take into account that the score is due to no debt, and will move on to accepting other forms of validating payment histories such as statements from landlords on rents paid, or letters from utility companies showing timely payments. However, you may have to search a while before finding a lender who will work with you like this.  In fact a lot of the major banks will probably look at you funny if you ask them that. As an example, after Shaina and I got married we went to open a joint checking account at the bank we both had previously banked at. During this process they asked us if buying a home was in our future. I assumed this was a sales pitch and was right. We said yes, but that it was still a few years out. But then the banker stated that at this particular bank, they like to see at least five lines of credit open and active to be considered for a home loan. Five! I really wanted to just laugh at him, but of course my mother didn't raise me that way.

So let’s recap: More debt = higher score, granted that the payments are made on time. No debt = lower score. In the eyes of the lender: higher score = less risk of the borrower defaulting; lower score = more risk of the borrower defaulting. I’ll let you make the decision on this for yourself, but who do you think is at more risk of defaulting on their debt, including the new home loan they just took on, say if they lost their job? Or in other words, who has the better chance of paying back the money the home owner borrowed? The perfect credit score who has a ton of debt with cash tied up in other minimum payments, or the low credit score with no debt, no financial obligations to anyone else, and who also has a history of PAYING OFF DEBT? Tough one, right? Not really, but apparently our society can’t seem to fathom the idea that anyone could survive without a credit score.


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